Understanding Cataracts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Cataracts are a common eye condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Although cataracts are very common, the average person doesn’t know much about them, which can prevent many people from getting the treatment they need. Here, we’ll take a closer look at the symptoms of cataracts, what causes them, and how they can be treated.
What Are Cataracts?
Cataracts are a condition that occurs when the clear lenses in the eyes become cloudy. The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina, which sends signals to the brain to create an image. When the lens becomes cloudy, it can no longer focus light properly, resulting in blurry or distorted vision and other symptoms.
Causes of Cataracts
Cataracts are caused by changes in the proteins that make up the lens of the eye. While the exact cause of cataracts is not always known, there are several risk factors that can increase a person’s likelihood of developing them.
One of the most common risk factors for cataracts is age. As people get older, the proteins in their eyes can start to break down, which can lead to cataracts. Other risk factors for cataracts include:
- Genetics: Some people may be more likely to develop cataracts due to their family history.
- Diabetes: People with diabetes are more likely to develop cataracts than those without the condition.
- Smoking: Smoking can increase a person’s risk of developing cataracts.
- Exposure to UV Radiation: Prolonged exposure to sunlight and other sources of UV radiation can increase a person’s risk of developing cataracts.
- Certain Medications: Long-term use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids, can increase a person’s risk of developing cataracts.
Symptoms of Cataracts
Cataracts can cause a variety of symptoms, including:
- Blurred or Cloudy Vision: Individuals with cataracts may experience a gradual loss of clarity in their vision. Objects may appear hazy or fuzzy, and it may become more difficult to read or watch TV.
- Sensitivity to Light: People with cataracts may find that bright lights, such as sunlight or headlights, are more bothersome than usual.
- Difficulty Seeing at Night: Cataracts can make it more challenging to see in low-light conditions, such as when driving at night.
- Changes in Color Perception: Some individuals with cataracts may notice that colors appear less vivid or intense than they used to.
- Double Vision: In some cases, cataracts can cause double vision or multiple images to appear.
It’s important to note that cataracts typically develop slowly over time, and the symptoms may not be noticeable at first. As the condition progresses, however, the symptoms can become more pronounced and interfere with daily activities. If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s essential to see an eye doctor for an evaluation.
Treatment and Prevention of Cataracts
Lifestyle Changes
While cataracts are a natural part of aging, certain lifestyle changes can help prevent or delay their development. To reduce the risk of cataracts, individuals should:
- Wear sunglasses with UV protection when outdoors
- Quit smoking
- Eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Manage chronic health conditions such as diabetes
Surgery
When cataracts begin to interfere with daily activities, surgery may be necessary. During the procedure, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens. Cataract surgery is generally safe and effective with a high success rate.
There are several types of cataract surgery, including:
- Phacoemulsification: The most common type of cataract surgery, where the surgeon makes a small incision and uses ultrasound to break up the cloudy lens before removing it.
- Extracapsular Surgery: During this procedure, a larger incision is made to remove the cloudy lens in one piece.
- Laser-Assisted Surgery: This surgery involves the use of a laser to make the incision and break up the cloudy lens before removal.
What Is the Takeaway?
Cataracts are a very common condition that can be caused by age and a variety of other factors. However, there are actions you can take to reduce your likelihood of developing the condition and prevent it from worsening. If you are experiencing severe cataracts, you may require surgery to correct them. At Pacific Vision Institute, our expert ophthalmologists can provide you with exceptional cataract treatment. Contact our office today if you’d like to schedule a consultation.